Steam Water Hammer Accident Investigation and Steam Training


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Wayne Kirsner, P.E. / Principal

Water Hammer

Turn your volume way up!


At left above, steam enters the top of the plastic tube, flows down the tube, and enters the cool water in the jar below. (the cloudy appearance of the tube walls is due to condensate forming on the sides of the cool tube). The steam fills the

tube and blows a bubble of steam in the jar of cool water. The steam bubble rapidly condenses, collapses in volume, and draws the water from the jar into the collapsing bubble and up thru the tube condensing the remaining steam. The

accelerating water column is stopped by the mostly closed valve at the top of the tube where in collides in a water h/ammer which is heard in the video.


At right above,Two water hammer events in a series of "hammer's" are shown in this brief video. Steam at 15 psia from a small boiler precedes to the right in the video atop blue-colored condensate. When the steam reaches the fittings at right in the model, the steam-condensate interface is disturbed causing a further influx of steam which draws up a wave of condensate to plug the glass tube (at left off screen) thereby isolating a steam bubble. As the bubble collapses due to continued rapid condensation, the pressure in the bubble falls into vacuum. With 15 psia pressure then pushing on the upstream side of the plug of condensate, and a partial vacuum resisting on the other side, the slug is accelerated to the right until it comes to an abrupt halt when it collides with the water in the right of the tube. This collision is the waterhammer heard in the video.

Waterhammer Seminars

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